Sunday, 10 October 2021

PRODUCTIVITY IN THE UK ECONOMY

10 October 2021

At last week’s Conservative conference, the Prime Minister championed a high-wage, low-immigration economy driven by high productivity, accusing firms of being drunk on cheap labour from abroad. But unless productivity is also there, it will simply lead to higher inflation and require a more stringent response from the BoE.

For all the PM’s urging, growth in productivity, which allows the economy to get more bang for its buck, has been anaemic for a decade or more. The best way, really the only way, to achieve a sustained rise in real wages is through higher productivity growth. But are there any signs of that? So far, no.

In any case, what are the answers to how to raise productivity among the likes of HGV drivers, or baristas in coffee shops? It’s very hard in advance to anticipate the details of how productivity growth can pick up, but we know the general conditions which help :

Productivity growth occurs when the economy grows steadily, business investment is strong, firms are able to plan for the long term, there’s an emphasis on skills, training, a well educated workforce, flexible markets. Once you have those conditions, and firms feel confident that they will continue, you tend to see productivity growth and you’re more likely to see it in different sectors.

Friday, 8 October 2021

"SPILLOVER" - EUROPEAN INTEGRATION AT WORK

8 October 2021
The EU would be fine if it stuck to matters of ISO trade standards. The EEC was OK wasn't it?

It has well overstepped the mark with its claim to sovereignty over nation states. If it could restrain itself to a trade body such as the IEEE that would be fine.

Instead, this creeping federalism, where it bribes trade bodies into accepting its constitution by offering subsidies, offering control through the ECJ, and in return it stuffs their boards with its representatives and imposes its political goals on their charters.

There are 40 such agencies. 

For example, take the case of transport, a cornerstone of European integration. There are three agencies covering transport, of which EASA is one. It was formed from the national aviation authorities. The nationals agreed because air transport concerns Europe as a whole, they were given powers of legal enforcement through the ECJ, and a hefty subsidy. 

But also the EASA now controls them because it sits on the boards of the nationals to ensure they are fulfilling obligations for the free movement of individuals, services and goods... not a national objective.

That's how integration works. National govts are sapped of their powers and cannot achieve their priorities for their own peoples.

That's broadly why the UK left.


Thursday, 7 October 2021

PAULA REGO at THE TATE BRITAIN

7 October 2021 

*Paula Rego at Tate Britain
I have a ticket to see paintings by a Portuguese artist, Paula Rego, at Tate Britain on Friday.

*About

Rego is an artist who is fascinated with storytelling. She is especially interested in stories of women battling with their fears and desires.

She explores adults’ cruelty and children’s wildness and in her paintings, her stories tell of dangerous adventures.

She tries to overturn a world that she believes is shaped by men, for men. In fact, it seems to me that some of her works were for women to see, not men!

Rego is a clever and deep woman and this expo will be difficult for me to comprehend ... which is why I'm going!!

*Jungian

Her work owes much to Jungian therapy. Rego did her own analysis, on her own, as I understand it, a kind of Morning Pages experience. As part of this, she investigated jungian 'archetypal characters*' - stories that mirror and influence human behaviour.

Rego explains: ‘it was very important to go to the origin, the imaginative origin that provides the images of what we have inside us, without us knowing what it is’.

*Surrealist

She also used surrealist techniques that are supposed to wake up our unconscious mind when we view her art. Her paintings can be unnerving ngganggu and seem illogical, putting together strange, magical and distant realities to create beautiful and surprising pictures.

*Your biography

Are archetypes useful when trying to understand or write a biography?.. your own biography? What types are you? What about the major events in your life? Can you recall any special situations you have lived through?

======


*https://btleditorial.com/2016/12/05/common-archetypal-character/

Archetypal event
birth, death, leaving home, initiation, marriage (the union of opposites)....

Archetypal characters
the mother, father, child, god, wise old man/woman, trickster, comedian, fool, shaman, leader, scholar ...

Archetypal motifs
the apocalypse, the deluge, the creation...

Characterisation
thoughts, actions, physical description, reactions, and dialogue

Wednesday, 6 October 2021

PORTFOLIO STRATEGY IN THE NEW ECONOMY

6 October 2021

"Weather the expected downturn and wait for stability to return."

Question about strategy in these times of crises and change and in particular, how to deal with inflation.

We may be entering a very different economic environment. Just had an email from a reader who is a Royal Bank of Scotland pensioner on a company pension. 

He was surprised to learn that their annual increase whilst tied to inflation is capped at 5%. How many other pension schemes will be like that? Any prolonged period of inflation above 5% is a disaster for them.

Quote:
"Money markets are predicting that price rises will run far ahead of the Bank of England's expectations by next spring as Britain is gripped by worker and material shortages. Investors are predicting that the Retail Price Index (RPI) will soar to 7pc in 2022, hitting its highest level since the 1990s. A jump this high would put a huge squeeze on living standards and spark fears of runaway prices with severe economic consequences."
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2021/10/06/markets-bet-inflation-will-hit-6pc/

Could competition from any new higher-coupon gilts threaten the capital value of dividend stocks?

What should we be thinking about for our portfolio?

EVOLVING ANSWER...

Does look as if we are potentially entering a very different economic environment. Boris talked this morning of a high-skill, high-wage, high-opportunity economy, for carers and entrepreneurs. But no mention of debt, inflation nor interests.

We arguably managed to sail through the global financial crisis of 2009 with little real economic damage by loading up on government debt. Ditto for the pandemic, only on a much larger scale. 400b is a lot for the UK to repay.

But will it repay at today's exchange rate? Or could the plan be to let inflation burn off the debt?

The magic money tree has likely run out, and rates are already effectively up against the zero lower bound. It seems more likely that the government will want to raise taxes and cut spending going forwards, and that's what it's started to do. Can it contain inflation?

Supply chains all over the place are at or beyond breaking point, labour shortages and  unmanageable energy price changes.

But that's not all. Take food prices.

Poor harvests in Brazil, which is one of the world's biggest agricultural exporters, drought in Russia, reduced planting in the US and stockpiling in China have combined with more expensive fertiliser, energy and shipping costs to push prices up. Food producers will all be affected and will therefore all be raising prices in similar ways because it's so widespread that everyone will do it without risking losing customers.

Commodities, a similar story. Again, is it temporary while supply and delivery are re-configured; or is a permanent feature ? Are we entering a new supercycle?

It looks a lot like the aftermath of world war two! Huge amounts of government debt and an economy that had literally been blown to bits.

Of course, the situation isn't anywhere near as bad as it was in the late 1940s, but I wouldn't be surprised if we end up with a very weak UK economy for a couple of decades as people are squeezed between insanely expensive living costs and stagnant wages (as rising wages in the absence of productivity gains only make the case for offshoring and automation stronger, with lowest-paid often immigrant thrown to the dole at taxpayers' expense).

But we need an economist, so until we find one, take these views with a large dose of salt.

In terms of individual stocks, the best insurance against a weak UK economy would be to invest outside the UK, so that's something to keep in mind. The FTSE 100 is a good place to find companies with international earnings. 50% international minimum and  wouldn't want it to go much below that.

If looking for sectors, energy stocks, consumer staples and equity-based real estate investment trusts (REITs) have historically survived inflation best. But history may not be a guide when you have supply-chain disruption and city REITS are down from covid WFH. Utilities are regulated and going bust. Try funds and trusts with a strong brand and clear strategy but as we know over 10 years only a quarter will beat their indexand of course we dont know which quarter.

As for rising bond yields impacting dividend stocks, this seems likely. However, much of that risk can be offset by investing in stocks that are already on low valuations with high yields. The very popular and very highly rated dividend growth stocks would be much harder hit if inflation and rates do go up materially.

So continue the hunt for low PE high div stocks and maybe treat this as a satellite ETF in the core-and-satellite strategy we presented earlier.

Or go for a globally diversified portfolio with a mixture of equities and high-quality bonds bonds providing stability and equities providing the growth to beat inflation. Ramin again

https://youtu.be/jKMZOojV0mE

It may not lend much immediate comfort, but in the long run it could prove to be the wisest choice: lower expectations, aim not to lose against inflation, ie weather the storm for now and wait for stability to return.




BEST INDEX FUNDS FOR GLOBAL STOCKS: AN ETF STRATEGY

Best Index Funds for Global Stocks, Part I

Part I - Strategy
(Part II - Setup
Part III -Operations)

Background
Strategy
Tilts
Modern Portfolio Theory
Strategic allocation rules
“Core and satellite” portfolio design
Screen for compliant ETFs
Summary


Background

Without enough knowledge or time to make a sound call, some investors nonetheless try to pin the tail of a stock they hope will outperform, on the donkey of all stocks in the market. The alternative is to find one fund for exposure to all global equities. Why only one fund? Why global? Companies, sectors and country markets go up and down but we do not have the knowledge or time to understand this and we cannot predict the future. So we diversify as broadly as possible to protect our capital and the good investments will cancel out the bad and hopefully we can benefit from rising markets wherever they occur. 

Passive investing is a strategy for minimising stock dealings with all its risks and costs. It is a cheaper way to hold a bunch of stocks that represent the overall market. It is a way to build wealth gradually but surely. All the information is already in the market, in the form of the price, so there is no benefit in trying to time the market or identify which stocks will outperform. But we believe that over time, in the long run, markets will rise and because we do not know when or where, it is better to be “in” than ”out”.


Rather than trading securities, we buy an index to the target market. An index is like a ruler that measures overall market activity. The index is normally worked out by taking the average price of the basket of securities, as they move up and down each day, but weighting by the market-capitalisation of each company (“market cap.” is number of shares times the share price).

A way was found to buy and sell the index and it is called an Exchange Traded Fund or ETF for short. Today, indexes, in the form of ETFs, can be bought and sold like stocks and shares.

Strategy

Tuesday, 5 October 2021

WORK FROM HOME or LIVING AT WORK

And parents were supposed to work from home and teach their kids. Work, with the kids under their feet all day. Teach, with neither the knowledge nor the pedagogy.

A giant exercise in crowd management. Scare them into lockdown, then busy them to keep them from rioting.

But it worked. Boris got his covid programs through. Just mental illness soared and other diseases flourished.

Terrible times, empty memories. Time hangs when you've nothing to do, but looking back,  getting on for two years gone in a flash.

Monday, 4 October 2021

BENEFITS OF COOPERATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR IRELAND

4 October 2101

Aligning tax regimes North and South on 12.5% is a very pragmatic solution  and would satisfy the US and in any case the South is likely to accept 15% if it remains in the EU.

Pragmatic, except that it would further align the N S economies and distance NI from GB, further opening the road to a united Ireland.

Could Westminster not grasp the nettle, see the writing on the wall, look over the horizon a little? 

I mean, imagine that one day the impossible happens and a referendum in NI puts Unite ahead. The Green flag wins, the Orange flag sees a complete rupture with GB and is desperate, the Get-ahead flag doesn't much care either way. Think GFA...

Wouldn't it have been better to prepare a home of sorts for Ireland in GB, rather than a hurt daughter plight (or plaid) her troth to the EU? 

THE KINGDOM'S RENAISSANCE HAS BEGUN

In his speech this week, Lord Frost will seek to defend the Government's record since Brexit, highlighting new free trade deals, the points-based immigration system and plans to overhaul data laws and repeal reams of retained EU law that no longer works for the UK. 

‘The British renaissance has begun’

Outlining the Government's desire to bring about a “British renaissance”, he will go on to state: 

“All history, all experience, shows that democratic countries with free economies, which let people keep more of the money they have earned, make their own decisions, and manage their own lives, are not just richer but also happier and more admired by others.

“The long bad dream of our EU membership is over. The British renaissance has begun."

Sunday, 3 October 2021

A METHOD TO VALUE A COMPANY: TANGIBLE SHAREHOLDER SURPLUS

Bogdan Branislov

Clive Woolley - I replied to you last comment on the BAE (22nd sept) thread, albeit a bit belatedly, so I have copied my reply here:

Clive - looks correct to me and certainly the final figure is very much in the right area - I may sound vague here, but the TSS moves every day a little with the share price of course.

I use data which gives the net total assets from which I deduct the intangibles, same result your way so that is fine.

This is obviously a screening exercise and there are other factors that you must consider, often more subjective:

1. Look for anything odd in the balance sheet, things that don't quite stack up, TI Fluid systems for example, as discussed yesterday, the balance sheet and P&L look like they are from different businesses.

2. Watch out for a big debt or liability build up behind an apparently strong TSS - a variation on point 1. But also an absolute red flag.

3. Look at the ten year data, if you look at the ten year tangible equity build up for LGEN and BWY, it is a thing of great beauty like a marvelous piece of art, a balance sheet masterpiece.

4. There needs to be a continuity to the equity build up - that is why Aviva and M&G although reasonable buys I think, are not in the same league as LGEN, within their broad sector, due to the greater uncertainty of future earnings and equity build up for Aviva and M&G.

5. Sometimes when a business has undertaken a cash draining expansion, this can suppress the TSS and mask the opportunity. Forterra for example, with their new brick plant, to produce next year, Covid came as spend was peaking, they had to issue just over 6% shares as a precautionary measure last year and the development spend has obviously held back the divi. But even with the expansion impact, the TSS is still over 7%, so I don't use such circumstances to ignore the all important TSS metric, but I can make allowance under some circumstances if this metric is held back a little by sound expansion spend.


TSS Tangible shareholder surplus - the average annual growth in tangible balance sheet equity over the past 5 years, added to the forward yield. The sum is then expressed as a percentage of the current MCap after adjustments for the average annual share issuing or share buy backs over the previous 5 years.

The importance of the TSS is that the build up in tangible equity within the balance sheet is a far more accurate guide to actual retained profits than the declared earnings.

Nearly all the valuation metrics currently used such as PE, PEG, GARP and dividend cover are all based upon declared earnings which are often grossly exaggerated.

For example, investment publications or data sources talk about dividend cover. They refer to the alleged earnings left over once the dividend is paid, that is supposedly the dividend cover. Frequently though, despite a healthy earnings dividend cover being declared, the tangible equity shrinks year on year after the dividend has been paid, i.e. the so called retained earnings were not actually retained as tangible equity after the dividend was paid, which means that they never existed at all, otherwise the retained earnings would translate into tangible equity.

In a nutshell, earnings declarations allow businesses to be creative and to exaggerate. So called covered dividends are frequently not covered at all. Being able to understand and to calculate the Tangible Shareholder Surplus allows the investor to identify dividends that are fully covered, giving them a considerable long term edge over the wider market.


@Neil Gibbens my understanding from reading comments from @Bogdan Branislov is that TSS stands for Tangible Shareholder Surplus. 


My understanding is that by comparing the current market capitalisation to the growth in tangible assets (less intangibles, plus dividends) it is possible to get an idea of how well the current price reflects the rate at which a business is adding shareholder value - over the medium term.


Fair value tends to give a TSS of around 5%, while a TSS of around 10% might suggest a buy opportunity.


A company like BATS which has borrowed heavily against future profits (transferring much of the risk of legislative changes halting operations to lenders) does badly on this assessment.


A company like LGEN currently provides a case study in what Bogdan is looking for, with a likely TSS of 9.5%. In a company with a market capitalisation of £ 17 Billion that means a TSS of 160 million per year.


I haven't convinced myself yet I can replicate the methodology, so I'm pleased Bogdan has just pre-empted my post!

Saturday, 2 October 2021

PETROL SHORTAGES : THE LONG AND SHORT OF IT

Petrol - there's all you need to take your kids to school. We are told it's in the this country somewhere, just not in the right places. So it's only haulage.

We are told it is a multitude of small, short-term issues, of which panic-buying fuel is but the latest, and once we're through we'll be in global Britain-times enjoying our prosperity, power and independence to the max.

But as you say, will we? As it feels as though the situation is worsening, with bad surprises flying in every week. And for cause, don't look local, because these are global supply chain problems.

Looking at why the army is being sent in and why temporary visas (as it is only a short-term pb) are being issued (and already extended):

working conditions, pay, red tape, laziness and over-sensitivities, many drivers quitting because of the lockdowns, not training up new HGV operators, and not women, Brexit causing many to return home, giving a shortage of 100,000 drivers. That's a lot and you do wonder what the RHA has been doing - all asleep in their cabs!

We are talking about logistics for retail food and fuel, but that's not all. What we are talking about is shipping costs, and gas price rises and a drop in sterling, we're concerned about inflation and interest rates, tax rises, and ultimately how all this joins up to the medium and long term as concerns the EU FTA, the break-up of the kingdom, and beyond that to debt-collapse, climate change, migrations, the rise of China.

It's a lot for Boris to think about (we are getting into a cult figure status).

More short term problems, but even these, can we see any better? Oil prices have reached a three year high, $80 a barrel, and climbing thanks to output disruptions and this high demand. Traditional oil companies are selling out and investing in green, but that is much more expensive. Germany is relying onxoal and Putin!

Then theres the construction sector where more than one in three businesses can't get the materials, goods and services they need within the UK. How will my son rehab the flat he's just bought? What effect housing 300,000 starts?

The gas surge closed two of the UK’s big industrial fertiliser plants in a completely unexpected and inflationary surprise, resulting in more govt takeover in the "market" economy and state aid and yet more borrowing.

 So now we have inflation at 4 per cent for the short-term plus a possible base rate rise early next year. America same same with the threat to stock markets from tapering.

 Still, no significant upturn in unemployment nor  substantial corporate distress. Only inflation, supply difficulties NI rise to threaten the economic recovery (which is already faltering).

And what about the jobs of those coming off furlough? Will they want to back to work? Will employers have work for them? Given the worsening outlook.

 Sort out the short term, the central bank needs to say no int  rate rises medium term, but the long term is surely out of the hands of any one country.

Tuesday, 28 September 2021

IS IT ACCURATE TO LABEL COMMUNISTS AS "FASCIST"?

But you see, Communists *are* fascist. Communism is the dictatorship of the proletariat, it is where the State is more important than the individual, it is intolerant of opposition, it employs violence on its own people.

We say that Nazis were National Socialists and then Fascists, true, so nation is important, aswhere Communism is international.

But that's what we are getting at - denial of free speech is unscientific, against the spirit of rational open-minded inquiry, it is unenlightened ...well, that is true of all utopianists, religious or political, communist or fascist, same same.


The roots of the fascist personality might be in a fear of not having enough control.

And it's sometimes quite rational and even justified, to want to seize control and hold.

Even old Bojo Boris didn't have much alternative if he was to get on top of the pandemic.

But a true fascist is a bit of a control freak and once taken, won't give back, won't let go, not voluntarily anyway.

But we know that letting go, opening up, exposing ourself to reality, is where we will find the truth, we will understand, and we will make progress. What kind of progress towards the things that matter does a fascist make?