We regret the loss of Byzantium
26 July 2024
The Legacy of Byzantium and Russia’s Claim to the Donbas
The fall of Byzantium in 1453 to the Ottomans was a significant historical event, marking the end of the Eastern Roman Empire, which had survived the collapse of Rome by a thousand years. This collapse was largely due to the Ottomans' use of advanced artillery, including an enormous cannon that breached the city’s formidable walls. The fall of Constantinople signified the loss of a major Christian stronghold to Islamic rule and had profound repercussions for the balance of power in Europe and the Middle East.
When the Ottoman Empire itself collapsed after World War I, there was an opportunity for the West to reclaim Byzantium, but the decision was made to appease Turkey, using it as a bulwark against Russian expansion. This decision is now seen by many as a strategic error.
Understanding Russia’s Historical Roots and Claims
To comprehend why Russia is so invested in the Donbas region today, it's essential to understand the origins of Russia, the spread of Orthodox Christianity, the rise of the Ottomans, and the numerous Russo-Turkish wars that shaped the region’s history.
Origins of Russia and Orthodox Christianity:
- The roots of Russia trace back to the Kievan Rus, a federation of Slavic tribes under the rule of the Varangians (Vikings "Rus" is a Nordic word for "rod" or "oar") in the 9th century. The Varangians established trade routes connecting the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea and beyond, facilitating economic and cultural exchanges.
- The Kievan Rus converted to Orthodox Christianity in 988 AD under Prince Vladimir, aligning itself with the Byzantine Empire and establishing deep cultural and religious ties that persist to this day.
The Rise of the Ottomans and the Loss of Byzantium:
- The Ottoman Empire, which emerged in the late 13th century, gradually expanded its territory, eventually capturing Constantinople in 1453. This marked the end of the Byzantine Empire and the consolidation of Ottoman power.
- The Ottomans' control of the Black Sea and their influence in Eastern Europe were significant factors in the numerous conflicts with Russia.
Russo-Turkish Wars (1676-1918):
- There were 11 Russo-Turkish wars, reflecting the ongoing struggle between Russia and the Ottoman Empire for dominance in Eastern Europe and control of strategic territories, including the Black Sea and the Balkans.
Catherine the Great’s Expansion:
- Catherine the Great (reigned 1762-1796) expanded Russian territory southward, establishing Novorossiya (New Russia) in regions including the Donbas. This expansion aimed to secure Russia’s borders, gain access to warm-water ports, and project power into Europe and Asia.
Modern Geopolitical Context:
Industrial and Strategic Importance of the Donbas:
- The Donbas region, rich in industrial, mineral, and agricultural resources, is crucial for economic and military reasons. Its flat lands and lack of natural defenses make it strategically significant for controlling the broader region.
- The fight over the Donbas today reflects these enduring strategic interests. Russia views control over the Donbas as vital for its national security and economic stability.
Trade Routes and Economic Influence:
- The historical trade routes established by the Varangians (Vikings) between the Baltic, Black Sea, and the Middle East facilitated economic prosperity and cultural exchange. These routes allowed the Kievan Rus to exert considerable political and economic influence, although it was a trade route and not a state with a government.
- Modern sanctions and economic measures against Russia aim to disrupt these long-standing trade networks, but their effectiveness is debatable given the deep historical roots of trade in the region.
Conclusion:
- The historical ties, economic significance, and strategic importance of the Donbas region to Russia ryn deep. The legacy of the Kievan Rus, the spread of Orthodox Christianity, and the geopolitical dynamics of the Russo-Turkish wars all contribute to Russia’s claims and actions in the region.
- Understanding these historical contexts helps to appreciate the complexities of the current conflict and the challenges in resolving it.
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